为什么要以编程方式构建图表？

自动化报告管道通常需要在 Excel 工作簿中嵌入图表，例如季度汇总、ML 结果仪表板或运营指标。无需 Microsoft Excel 即可实现，这意味着无需许可费用，也无需 GUI 交互。

Aspose.Cells FOSS for Python 提供了简洁、符合 Python 风格的图表 API：每种图表类型对应一个方法，标题使用普通字符串，系列配置采用关键字参数。下面涵盖了完整的 API。

安装

pip install aspose-cells-foss

导入所需的类：

from aspose.cells_foss import Workbook, Cell

图表通过 ws.charts 访问; 无需单独导入图表模块。

图表 API 概览

您想要的操作操作方法
添加柱形图ws.charts.add_bar(top_row, left_col, bottom_row, right_col)
添加折线图ws.charts.add_line(top_row, left_col, bottom_row, right_col)
添加条形图ws.charts.add_bar(top_row, left_col, bottom_row, right_col)
添加饼图ws.charts.add_pie(top_row, left_col, bottom_row, right_col)
设置标题chart.title = "My Chart"（纯字符串；而非 .title.text）
设置 X 轴类别chart.category_data = "A2:A6"
添加命名系列chart.n_series.add("B2:B6", category_data="A2:A6", name="Revenue")
显示图例chart.show_legend = True
设置图例位置chart.legend_position = "bottom"

所有行和列索引都是 零基。add_* 方法直接返回 Chart 对象（而不是索引）。

柱形图：逐步操作

让我们创建一个显示季度收入和支出的柱状图。

第 1 步：创建工作簿并写入数据

from aspose.cells_foss import Workbook, Cell

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.worksheets[0]
ws.name = "Q1-Q4 Report"

##Headers
ws.cells["A1"].value = "Quarter"
ws.cells["B1"].value = "Revenue"
ws.cells["C1"].value = "Expenses"

##Data
quarters = ["Q1", "Q2", "Q3", "Q4"]
revenue  = [50000, 62000, 71000, 89000]
expenses = [32000, 38000, 41000, 47000]

for i, (q, r, e) in enumerate(zip(quarters, revenue, expenses), start=2):
    ws.cells[f"A{i}"].value = q
    ws.cells[f"B{i}"].value = r
    ws.cells[f"C{i}"].value = e

第2步：添加图表

将图表放置在数据下方（第7行起，跨越第0-8列）：

chart = ws.charts.add_bar(6, 0, 22, 8)

第3步：配置标题和图例

chart.title = "Quarterly Revenue vs Expenses"
chart.show_legend = True
chart.legend_position = "bottom"

第4步：添加数据系列

每个系列需要一个值范围、类别范围和一个名称：

chart.category_data = "A2:A5"
chart.n_series.add("B2:B5", category_data="A2:A5", name="Revenue")
chart.n_series.add("C2:C5", category_data="A2:A5", name="Expenses")

第5步：保存

wb.save("quarterly_report.xlsx")
print("Chart saved to quarterly_report.xlsx")

完整示例（单块）:

from aspose.cells_foss import Workbook, Cell

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.worksheets[0]
ws.name = "Q1-Q4 Report"

##Data
ws.cells["A1"].value = "Quarter"
ws.cells["B1"].value = "Revenue"
ws.cells["C1"].value = "Expenses"

data = [("Q1", 50000, 32000), ("Q2", 62000, 38000),
        ("Q3", 71000, 41000), ("Q4", 89000, 47000)]
for i, (q, r, e) in enumerate(data, start=2):
    ws.cells[f"A{i}"].value = q
    ws.cells[f"B{i}"].value = r
    ws.cells[f"C{i}"].value = e

chart = ws.charts.add_bar(6, 0, 22, 8)
chart.title = "Quarterly Revenue vs Expenses"
chart.category_data = "A2:A5"
chart.n_series.add("B2:B5", category_data="A2:A5", name="Revenue")
chart.n_series.add("C2:C5", category_data="A2:A5", name="Expenses")
chart.show_legend = True
chart.legend_position = "bottom"

wb.save("quarterly_report.xlsx")

折线图：月度趋势

相同的模式适用于 add_line()：

from aspose.cells_foss import Workbook, Cell

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.worksheets[0]

months  = ["Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun"]
actuals = [42000, 47500, 53000, 49000, 61000, 68000]
targets = [45000, 45000, 50000, 55000, 60000, 65000]

ws.cells["A1"].value = "Month"
ws.cells["B1"].value = "Actual"
ws.cells["C1"].value = "Target"

for i, (m, a, t) in enumerate(zip(months, actuals, targets), start=2):
    ws.cells[f"A{i}"].value = m
    ws.cells[f"B{i}"].value = a
    ws.cells[f"C{i}"].value = t

chart = ws.charts.add_line(8, 0, 24, 8)
chart.title = "Monthly Revenue: Actual vs Target"
chart.category_data = "A2:A7"
chart.n_series.add("B2:B7", category_data="A2:A7", name="Actual")
chart.n_series.add("C2:C7", category_data="A2:A7", name="Target")
chart.show_legend = True
chart.legend_position = "right"

wb.save("monthly_trend.xlsx")

饼图：市场份额

from aspose.cells_foss import Workbook, Cell

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.worksheets[0]

segments = ["Product A", "Product B", "Product C", "Product D"]
shares   = [40, 25, 20, 15]

ws.cells["A1"].value = "Segment"
ws.cells["B1"].value = "Share %"
for i, (s, v) in enumerate(zip(segments, shares), start=2):
    ws.cells[f"A{i}"].value = s
    ws.cells[f"B{i}"].value = v

chart = ws.charts.add_pie(6, 0, 20, 7)
chart.title = "Market Share by Product"
chart.category_data = "A2:A5"
chart.n_series.add("B2:B5", category_data="A2:A5", name="Share")
chart.show_legend = True
chart.legend_position = "right"

wb.save("market_share.xlsx")

常见错误要避免

错误正确
ws.charts.add(ChartType.COLUMN, 5, 0, 15, 5)ws.charts.add_bar(5, 0, 15, 5)
chart.title.text = "Revenue"chart.title = "Revenue"
chart.n_series.add("B2:B5", True)（位置）chart.n_series.add("B2:B5", category_data="A2:A5", name="Revenue")
from aspose.cells.charts import ChartType不需要；直接使用ws.charts.add_bar()
chart.n_series.category_data = "A2:A5"chart.category_data = "A2:A5"（图表级别）

资源